Preparing for a family necessitates both partners having ideal health. Conducting preconception and fertility screenings is vital for this process as it recognises any potential challenges that may impede conception or a healthy pregnancy. These screenings consist of various tests evaluating the reproductive health of each partner.
Discover the typical tests associated with preconception and fertility screenings.
Hormone Testing
Hormone levels are integral in both male and female fertility. Hormone tests in fertility screening often focus on the levels of core hormones, such as:
- Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH): This hormone helps regulate reproductive processes. In women, FSH testing helps evaluate ovarian reserve, while in men, it assesses sperm production.
- Luteinizing Hormone (LH): In women, this hormone triggers ovulation. Measuring LH levels is essential in detecting ovulation issues.
- Prolactin: Elevated levels of this hormone can interfere with ovulation or sperm production.
- Thyroid Hormones: Thyroid dysfunction can negatively impact fertility, making thyroid function tests a critical part of screening.
Ovarian Reserve Testing
In women, fertility screening often includes tests to evaluate ovarian reserve. These tests help determine the quantity and quality of eggs remaining. The following are typical tests in this category:
- Anti-Müllerian Hormone (AMH): This hormone is produced by the ovarian follicles, and its levels are used to estimate the remaining egg supply.
- Antral Follicle Count (AFC): Doctors count the number of follicles in the ovaries using ultrasound, which correlates with egg reserve.
- Day 3 FSH Test: This test, conducted on the third day of a woman’s menstrual cycle, measures FSH levels to assess ovarian function.
Semen Analysis
Male fertility screening typically includes semen analysis to evaluate sperm quality. Key factors examined include:
- Sperm Count: This measures the number of sperm in a sample. A low sperm count can make conception difficult.
- Sperm Motility: This assesses how well the sperm moves. Poor motility can prevent the sperm from reaching and fertilising the egg.
- Sperm Morphology: This evaluates the shape and structure of the sperm. Abnormal shapes can reduce the sperm’s ability to fertilise an egg.
Genetic Screening
Genetic conditions can sometimes pose a risk to the health of future children. Genetic screening, a part of preconception screening, helps identify any inherited genetic mutations that could be passed on. Some of the typical genetic tests include:
- Cystic Fibrosis Carrier Testing: One of the typical genetic tests. It identifies if either partner carries the gene for cystic fibrosis.
- Thalassemia Screening: This test checks for carriers of the thalassemia gene, which can result in blood disorders in children.
- Spinal Muscular Atrophy (SMA) Testing: This assesses whether either partner carries the gene for SMA, a severe neuromuscular condition.
Infectious Disease Screening
Preconception screening often includes tests for infectious diseases that could affect pregnancy or the baby’s health. Infectious disease tests include:
- HIV Screening: Testing for HIV is critical, as untreated infections can be passed from mother to child during pregnancy.
- Hepatitis B and C: Screening for these liver infections is essential, as they can be transmitted to the baby.
- Rubella Immunity: Testing for rubella immunity helps ensure the mother is protected from this virus, which can cause severe birth defects.
Pelvic Ultrasound
A pelvic ultrasound is an essential part of fertility screening for women. It visually examines the reproductive organs, including the uterus, ovaries, and fallopian tubes. Pelvic ultrasound helps identify:
- Uterine Abnormalities: These abnormalities include fibroids or polyps, which may impact fertility.
- Ovarian Cysts: These can interfere with ovulation and reproductive function.
- Blocked Fallopian Tubes: A common cause of infertility, which can be diagnosed via imaging.
Hysterosalpingography (HSG)
HSG is a specific type of X-ray used in fertility screening to check the shape of the uterus and the condition of the fallopian tubes. This test involves injecting a dye into the uterus to see if it flows freely through the fallopian tubes. Blocked tubes are a common cause of infertility and may require treatment before conception can occur.
Conclusion
Preconception and fertility screenings encompass a variety of examinations aimed at assessing reproductive health and detecting potential challenges that may impede conception or a successful pregnancy. Couples can proactively address any health issues at an early stage by partaking in these evaluations, thereby enhancing their likelihood of conceiving and delivering a healthy child. Familiarity with the typical tests included in these screenings can assist couples in preparing for the journey ahead, ensuring they are informed and equipped for the subsequent parenthood steps.
Visit SMG Women’s Health and let us help you prepare for a journey to parenthood.
